REMEDIUM

The article examines the history of the development of the domestic pharmacy network from the emergence of the first "free" pharmacies to the current stage of development of pharmacy chains in the Russian Federation. It traces the dynamics from the first eight free pharmacies established by decree of Peter I in 1701 to the 83,050 pharmacy organizations currently operating in Russia.

Introduction. Antibiotic therapy in pediatric dentistry requires a tailored approach due to the risks of antimicrobial resistance and the age-specific physiological characteristics of children. The aim of this study was to examine the antibiotic prescribing practices of Russian dentists in the provision of dental care to children. Materials and Methods. A quantitative sociological survey was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025 involving 102 dentists from various regions of the Russian Federation. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square (χ²) test with the Holm—Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results and Discussion. The most common indications for antibiotic prescription were periodontitis (37%) and periostitis (31%). Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Amoxiclav) was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (27%), followed by amoxicillin (16%). In 92% of cases, dosing was calculated based on the child's body weight, and the oral route of administration was overwhelmingly preferred (p < 0.001). However, only 12% of respondents reported performing antibiotic susceptibility testing, indicating a predominantly empirical approach to prescribing. The most commonly reported adverse effects were diarrhea and allergic reactions; 78% of dentists prescribed probiotics to prevent disturbances of the gut microbiota. Conclusion. The findings highlight the urgent need to implement standardized clinical guidelines and educational programs focused on the rational use of antibiotics in pediatric dentistry.

Introduction. In the structure of visits to polyclinic doctors, there are still visits for obtaining various kinds of certificates, which are not related to medical care and involve a lot of work and paperwork. This reduces the availability of medical care for those who need it, leading to dissatisfaction among the population. In this regard, it is relevant to study the aspects of the polyclinic's activities related to patients' continued visits to doctors for obtaining certificates, which was the purpose of this study.

This article addresses the issues of accessibility of innovative drugs in modern healthcare and identifies existing barriers. The share of such innovative drugs on the Russian pharmaceutical market (all channels) is approximately 20% (in value) and only 1% (in number of trade names/molecules) in recent years. From 2017 to 2021, 168 innovative molecules were registered in the EU, 35 of which were in Russia. The rate of introduction of innovative drugs into medical practice in Russia is high; however, access to them is limited to certain categories of patients, regions, and diseases. The main barriers to access to innovative therapy are: economic conditions caused by sanctions and logistical problems; insufficient coverage of reimbursement programs; imperfect pricing policy; the risk of compulsory licensing; insufficient technological and scientific development of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. The study showed that in the future, a further decline in the share of imported innovative drugs on the Russian market is likely, against the backdrop of the development of local innovations.

Currently, the project "Strategy of Actions for the Implementation of Family and Demographic Policy, Support of Large Families in the Russian Federation" is being developed in the territory of the Russian Federation. One of the objectives of this project is to stimulate women to have children, including through the provision of various benefits, as well as effective, high-quality and safe pharmaceutical care. The interaction of the patient, which in this study is a pregnant woman, with a doctor and a pharmaceutical specialist is an important integral part of receiving any medical and pharmaceutical care, which determines the relevance of this study, the results of which are presented in the article. This article is devoted to the study of information interaction within the triad comprising a pregnant woman, a physician and a pharmacist. The specific features of communicative interaction among the participants of the triad were examined, and gaps in this communication were identified.

Introduction. This article substantiates the need to form a target quality profile during the development of an injectable dosage form, which carries a high level of risk to patient safety due to the peculiarities of parenteral administration, where the drug directly enters the internal environment of the body, bypassing physiological barriers. Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP) indicators serve as a starting point for identifying critical quality attributes, conducting risk analysis, and developing a control strategy, thereby ensuring a systematic and regulatory-based approach to quality management of injectable drugs at all stages of their life cycle. The aim of the study is to analyze and systematize regulatory and methodological approaches to the formation of QTPP as a key element of pharmaceutical development of injectable drugs. Materials and methods. To visualize and structure the factors influencing the formation of quality indicators of injectable drugs within the framework of the QbD concept, the Ishikawa diagram was used. This tool made it possible to reflect the cause-and-effect relationships of the influence of factors of composition, technology, equipment, packaging, and production conditions on achieving the target quality profile of the drug. Results. The analysis of regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, the Eurasian Economic Union, and international regulatory organizations shows that modern requirements for the pharmaceutical development of injectable drugs are increasingly focused on a risk-oriented and scientifically sound approach, embedded in the QbD concept. At the same time, the entry into force of Recommendation No. 30 of the Collegium of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 11, 2025, reflects the transition from a predominantly conceptual application of QbD principles to their more explicit regulatory consolidation, including the direct use of the term "target quality profile of a medicinal product". The use of a cause-and-effect diagram (Ishikawa diagram) in the analysis of quality indicators of injectable drugs has proven its effectiveness as a tool for systematizing factors influencing the achievement of QTPP. The Ishikawa diagram allows for a visual representation of the relationship between the properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, excipients, technological process, sterilization, and other parameters. Conclusion. The research results confirm that QTPP should be considered not only as a formal element of pharmaceutical development, but also as a universal tool for integrating clinical, technological, and regulatory requirements. The systematic application of this approach is especially important for injectable drugs, for which early and justified quality management is a critical factor for successful development, registration, and marketing.

Today, there are significant changes taking place in medical organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation, aimed at improving the quality of medical care provided to the population and the efficiency of managing this area. One of the innovations is the use of information technologies to improve the efficiency of managing a medical organization. The article presents the experience of developing and using an information software package used to evaluate new technologies for managing a medical organization. It provides an analytical review of the informatization of the healthcare system in the Moscow Region and discusses the issues of digital transformation using the unified state healthcare information system and the unified digital loop. The presented information technologies for managing the activities of medical organizations and the processes of providing primary medical and social care demonstrate the beginning of a transition from simple accounting of individual indicators to a new level of management development that covers all aspects of medical organizations' activities, and have the main goal of increasing the availability and quality of medical care for patients and increasing the satisfaction of citizens through the development of electronic services and applications.

The study is devoted to the analysis of the motivational and emotional profile of students of the last year of study in specialty 33.02.01 "Pharmacy" (secondary vocational education) as a novice pharmaceutical cadre. The diagnosis was carried out using the methodology of V. E. Milman, it allows us to assess the structure of motivation, the ratio of motives for maintenance and development, as well as the types of emotional profile. The results of the study showed that the motives of professional activity are dominated by a creative approach to work and a desire for contact with people, at the same time, the desire to be useful to society is expressed moderately. Emotionally, emotional fatigue is most pronounced, but at the same time, novice employees react energetically to obstacles and try to overcome them. However, this indicates a high level of stress during professional adaptation. In general, regressive tendencies predominate in the motivational profile (87.50% of respondents) — that is, an orientation towards stability, compliance with norms in the absence of a desire for self-development, as well as a mixed sthenic emotional profile (56.25% of respondents), meaning the presence of internal tension. The typological analysis and comparison of the types of motivational and emotional profiles have shown that the most common is a combination of a regressive motivational profile with a mixed sthenic emotional profile, which can be considered as a potential risk factor for emotional maladaptation during primary professional adaptation in the absence of systemic support. The data obtained demonstrate the desirability of introducing mentoring programs for novice pharmaceutical workers, which, through support, reduce the emotional stress that occurs at the beginning of professional activity; the expediency of directing mentors' efforts to develop the internal motivation of novice pharmaceutical personnel and their emotional stability for successful professional development and improving the quality of their professional results. Taken together, the results obtained emphasize the importance of taking into account the motivational and emotional characteristics of novice pharmaceutical personnel in the development and implementation of professional support and mentoring programs.

Currently, there is a critical need for eHealth technologies capable of enhancing driving safety by accurately assessing a driver’s functional state through regular health screening and monitoring, visual observation, and analysis of vehicle behaviour. Leveraging contemporary technological capabilities, Russian scientists and developers have introduced an innovative system for remote pre-trip medical examinations of professional drivers. This system integrates hardware and software components that automatically record physiological parameters, capture visual examination data, and transmit this information to a medical centre in real time. The outcome is an electronic document that holds the legal validity of a medical certificate. A key advantage of this technology is its speed: the entire examination cycle takes no more than 2—3 minutes. Moreover, the solution demonstrates substantial economic efficiency through significant optimisation of medical personnel utilisation. A single remotely operating medical professional can perform up to 100 examinations per hour. This innovative approach entirely eliminates superficial procedures limited solely to alcohol testing, thereby ensuring a comprehensive health assessment for every driver. The system’s capacity enables the processing of up to 30,000 examinations per day, forming the foundation for a large-scale medical database. Analysis of this data facilitates early detection of occupational diseases, timely adjustment of therapeutic and preventive interventions, and a reduction in the risk of road traffic incidents.

The article presents a typology of competencies of medical workers engaged in professional activities in refugee camps and other humanitarian contexts. It is proved that the effectiveness of medical care in conditions of forced migration is determined not only by the level of clinical training, but also by a set of supra-professional, social and managerial competencies. Based on the analysis of data from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the World Health Organization and international humanitarian organizations, a multilevel typology of competencies has been proposed that takes into account the specifics of medical activities in conditions of limited resources, cultural diversity and high social vulnerability of patients.