This article explores the current features of the Russian pharmaceutical market, its structural characteristics, fundamental drivers of growth, and limitations. The analysis is based on open sources from government agencies, data from Rosstat and industry organizations, and publications by domestic and international researchers, including those available in the public domain. The article provides interregional and international comparisons, discusses examples of government policies on import substitution, digitalization of healthcare, and the development of an import-substituting production base and innovation. The article provides author's conclusions and suggestions for improving the regulatory environment, sustainable financing of R&D, stimulating exports, and fostering the industry's technological sovereignty.

pharmaceuticals, import substitution, public policy, digitalization of healthcare, exports, regulation, innovations, research.