REMEDIUM

Diabetes mellitus (DM) registries are effective tools for monitoring the quality of treatment, including assessing the implementation of medication prescriptions and the implementation of models for the prevention of complications. The article examines the basic principles of the structural organization of national DM registers in a number of Western countries. It was noted that further standardization of sets of registered parameters in medical information databases will contribute to the development of methods for conducting comparative assessments of the effectiveness of DM therapy in everyday clinical practice.

Primary health care is the foundation of the healthcare system of any country in the world. It is the quality of medical care available to the majority of the population that determines the health status of the population and is the best indicator of the level of social development of the country. The results of the study conducted by the authors demonstrate the level of patient satisfaction in three regions of the Russian Federation, which allows for a comparative analysis of the level of development of regional health systems in terms of their adequacy to patient expectations.

Longevity and well-being are mutually influencing factors. Psychological and social well-being positively influences health and increases life expectancy of an individual. In turn, longevity increases the feeling of inner well-being, thus forming a kind of «positive circle». The study purpose — to evaluate well-being of the elderly in the Russian Federation from the point of health with due regard to socio-economic characteristics. Materials and methods. Analysis of national and foreign publications on the study topic conducted. The study is based on the analysis of the results of Selective observation of the health status of the population 2023. Calculations were performed using microdata database of Selective observation of the health status of the population 2023 for respondents aged 60+ which corresponds to the international gradations of the elderly. The results are representative of the Russian Federation as a whole. Results. Older people are quite optimistic about their health status: positive assessments are more common than negative ones, especially in men. Continuing to work over the age of 60 has a positive effect on self-esteem, and this pattern is also more pronounced in men. As for marital status, its impact on self-esteem of health cannot be assessed unambiguously, apparently, the significance of this factor is not related to the fact of the state of marriage itself, but to the quality of the relationship in marriage. The priority value of health among Russians is declarative and is not supported by a healthy lifestyle. Underestimating factors such as proper nutrition and physical activity against the background of persistent daily smoking in old age, which is typical for men, does not contribute to improving health, especially with low adherence to systematic medical supervision in the format of medical examination. A high degree of anxiety, most characteristic of women, worsens existing health problems, reducing the level of well-being. Conclusion. Achieving the goals of healthy longevity is obviously linked to healthcare and availability of high-quality medical care. This is of course important but not the only condition. A sense of well-being and satisfaction with life motivate people to lead a healthier lifestyle, maintain an interest in life, both by continuing to work and in the format of other forms of positive activity.

Longevity and public health are priorities in the development of modern society. The survey of medical college students used questions aimed at identifying students' attitudes to longevity issues, their awareness of factors affecting longevity, as well as their personal needs in this area. Two groups of motives are defined in the motivation of longevity: personal-family and conditional — social. For students, in general, social motives of longevity on a 5-point scale were less significant (2,4–2,6 points) than personal-family (3,5–3,8 points). This assessment reflects the low prestige of old age and reveals the real position of older people in society. The value of the desired life expectancy does not significantly differ by gender in favor of men — 83,8 years, unlike women — 83,6 years. A significant number of fantastic estimates of the desired life expectancy were noted — 19%. Of these, 8,7% demonstrated high motivation for a healthy life expectancy. They considered active longevity from 100 to 150 years normal. Part of the respondents — 10,3%, mostly girls studying at colleges, noted their desired life expectancy of less than 50 years, which may indicate the personal immaturity of the respondents.

The process of digital transformation today determines the directions of development of all spheres of society, therefore, its analysis, assessment of development prospects and difficulties of implementation are necessary. Since 2011, a number of federal healthcare digitalization projects have been implemented in the Russian Federation, which have made it possible to provide state and municipal medical organizations with equipment, communication channels and software, and create a unified information network. The article presents an analysis of the digital transformation of the industry based on the introduction of medical information systems, a unified state health information system, a single digital circuit providing data exchange between all participants in the system and the development of innovative methods of healthcare management. Electronic services for the development of telemedicine consultations, electronic medical records, electronic prescriptions, provision of medicines, etc. allow you to effectively organize the provision of medical care and solve problems to increase the availability and quality of care and patient satisfaction.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is currently used in various surgical operations, including in urological patients. This article discusses the results of surgical treatment of patients with various urological diseases when implementing the ERAS protocol. It has been shown that the use of this concept contributes to a statistically significant reduction in the length of hospital stay, the incidence of complications and readmissions, as well as the cost of treatment. The introduction of the ERAS expands the possibilities of quick and effective recovery after surgery, improving the quality and reducing the cost of medical care.

In the Russian Federation, the transition to a three-tier healthcare system began in 2012. Regions are adopting different three-level models according to different profiles. At the same time, there is no “single” unified model for the entire healthcare structure. The recommendations of the relevant authorities in the healthcare sector do not provide uniform technologies and methodologies for structuring the local system. Primary health care is the backbone. Despite this, there is a gap between its importance and low public satisfaction with it. Currently, there is a poorly structured organizational and legal status of primary healthcare in the Russian Federation. When analyzing the organizational and legal status of primary care, discrepancies and discrepancies between the law, regulations, nomenclature and methodological recommendations are determined. The declared formation of a three-tier healthcare system must be based on a more understandable architectural healthcare network. It is necessary to harmonize between the types of objects and the types of care they provide, the conditions of provision and forms of medical care.

Currently, research into the health of young people as a population group that is most important for the reproductive and demographic potential of the country and vulnerable to the risks of health problems, including reproductive health, which is largely determined by behavior, is of particular relevance. The purpose of the study was to describe the trends and characteristics of the reproductive behavior of young people and other vulnerable groups of the population from the perspective of risks to public health. The work used bibliographic and analytical research methods. In shaping the reproductive behavior of various vulnerable social groups, factors such as their awareness of health risks, the need to adhere to the rules of a healthy lifestyle and medical activity play an important role. Increasing knowledge among vulnerable groups of the population (youth, people with low levels of education and wealth, migrants, etc.) in these issues can have an impact on socio-economic, cultural-ethnic, axiological and other determinants of reproductive behavior and population health.

More than 35 million new cancer cases are projected in 2050, up 77% from 2022. For a correct assessment of the oncological situation, it is necessary to know the basic patterns of dynamics and structural changes in oncological indicators by region. The purpose of the study: to assess the state of oncological care in the republic based on cancer indicators. Material and methods. The following data were used: morbidity, mortality, one-year mortality rate from 2015 to 2022 of the National Center for Oncology and Hematology, Center for Electronic Health under the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. Accounting validity index is calculated. Results. It was established that at the primary level of 86.5 rates of oncologists, 17 rates are vacant. There are only 47 true oncologists, the rest of the positions are occupied by doctors of other specialties. In the republic as a whole, there is a tendency to increase the primary incidence, an increase only in 2017 and 2021–2022. Moreover, the maximum decline in 2019 and 2020. The trend differs by region of the republic. Cancer deaths in the republic, starting in 2019, have a steady decline, the lowest rate of decline in 2020. Such a significantly low mortality rate from MNPs during a pandemic may partly be due to the problems of determining the initial cause of death in the combination of COVID-19 and MNPs. A decrease in mortality in the republic was detected in 2021–2022, on average — 50.4% over 3 study periods. High one-year mortality of cancer patients was observed in the Chui, Osh and Jalal-Abad regions. In the republic as a whole, the level of the accounting reliability index is stable, being within 0.40–0.46 by years, with the exception of 2020–2021, when the index was 0.65 and 0.52, respectively. The increase in the index is possibly associated with a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19 due to a decrease in the circulation of cancer patients. Discussion. It is crucial to identify cancer patients in the early stages of the disease, and it is necessary to create a system of early registration and management of patients.

The global production of medical devices is growing and developing every year, the situation in the medical industry of the Russian Federation is no exception. In this regard, in order to maintain the competitiveness of Russian manufacturers not only in the domestic, but also in the world markets, it is necessary to comply with international standards of product quality: for this purpose, in recent years, a unified quality system has been actively introduced in the region of the Eurasian Economic Union, based on Western standards of the International Organization for Standardization, in particular 9001 and 9004. No less important is the fact that it is necessary to harmonize the internal quality systems of industrial enterprises and quality systems for the operation of medical equipment that exist in medical institutions to create a single information space for the safety and efficiency of operation and after-sales service.