The article is dedicated to the scientific and pedagogical activities of the esteemed scholar Boris Evgenievich Peterson, a renowned oncologist, educator, organizer, and talented surgeon. He made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian oncology service. As the first head of the surgical department at the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, he established an efficient system for the department's operations. His efforts led to the introduction of advanced diagnostic and treatment methods, including endoscopic technologies, and the integration of these innovative techniques into clinical practice, allowing doctors to more accurately and promptly diagnose malignant tumors and perform less invasive but more effective surgical interventions. This significantly improved the quality of oncological care. However, his role in domestic medicine is not limited to this. Boris Evgenievich Peterson established the «school» of oncology, being the first to achieve the recognition of oncology as an independent discipline in medical universities, thanks to which thousands of doctors and graduates gained a modern understanding of malignant tumors and their treatment methods. His scientific contribution includes more than 200 publications, including monographs, manuals, and reviews, which have had a significant impact on the development of medical science. Under his attentive guidance, dozens of doctoral and candidate dissertations were successfully defended, demonstrating his outstanding mentoring abilities. The specialists he trained continue to advance the field of oncology, holding leading positions in national medical institutions. In 2023, the entire Russian medical community celebrated a significant event: the 100th anniversary of the birth of Boris Evgenievich Peterson. His scientific achievements and contributions to medicine remain important and relevant even decades after his passing, continuing to inspire new generations of doctors and scientists.

history of science, history of medicine, oncology, history of Oncology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Experimental Pathology and Cancer Therapy of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Oncology named after P. A. Herzen, Peterson Boris Evgenievich, Blokhin Nikolay Nikolaevich.