The pharmaceutical industry is a vital economic sector, ensuring public health and national security. In the face of global sanctions, a shortage of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and growing demand for innovative medicines, Russia faces the need for accelerated import substitution and technological sovereignty. This article analyzes current trends in the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation: from structural shifts in production to the introduction of digital technologies, regulatory changes, and the formation of local supply chains. The author identifies the factors that determine the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry. Particular attention is paid to the role of government support, including import substitution programs, tax incentives, modernization of production facilities, and the development of research potential. The analysis shows that, despite significant advances in the production of generics and essential drugs, systemic risks persist: a shortage of high-tech substances, low investment in the industry, insufficient integration of pharmaceutical research and industry, and a fragmented regulatory environment.

import substitution, pharmaceutical substances, pharmaceutical sovereignty, pharmaceuticals, drug supply, pharmacoeconomics.