<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">REMEDIUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>REMEDIUM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1561-5936</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-3534</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint-Stock Company Chicot</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1794</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32687/1561-5936-2025-29-2-100-105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Modern view on the mechanisms of therapeutic effect of homeopathy</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kosmodemyansky</surname><given-names>Leonid V.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>dr.lk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zilov</surname><given-names>Vadim G.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>vzilov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zudin</surname><given-names>Alexander B.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>info@nriph.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russian Federation</aff><aff id="aff-2">Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-17"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The article presents an overview of the results of research into the mechanisms of therapeutic effects of homeopathic medicines, the disclosure and substantiation of which allows us to talk about homeopathy as one of the scientific directions of modern medicine. The article gives a historical excursus of homeopathy development from ancient medicine to the present day. It is emphasized that for more than 200 years of its existence not only clinical, but also research experience in the application of this method has been accumulated. The authors consider scientific concepts, hypotheses and methodological approaches aimed at explaining possible mechanisms of action of homeopathic medicines on the human body.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>homeopathy</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>mechanism of action</kwd><kwd>history</kwd><kwd>science</kwd><kwd>system approach</kwd><kwd>self-regulation</kwd><kwd>quantum mechanics</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гомеопатия</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>механизм действия</kwd><kwd>история</kwd><kwd>наука</kwd><kwd>системный подход</kwd><kwd>саморегуляция</kwd><kwd>квантовая механика</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Parshina S. S., Afanasyeva T. N., Eui Louis Bernard. Homeopathy in the modern world. Psychosomatic and Integrative Research. 2015;(1):0105.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Hahneman S. Organon of the physician&amp;apos;s art. Sixth edition. Moscow; 2005. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Zilov V. G., Sudakov K. V., Epstein O. I. Elements of information biology and medicine. Moscow; 2000. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Kleiman A. M. Modeling of the process of multiple dilution of bioactive substances. Universum: medicine and pharmacology. 2024;(2):19—24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Egorov V. V., Larionova I. S., Kershenholz B. M. Theoretical bases of homeopathy. Scientific Review. Fundamental and applied research. 2021;(2).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Burlakova E. B. Peculiarities of action of ultra-low doses of biologically active substances and physical factors of low intensity. Chemical Physics. 2003;22(2);21—40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Konovalov A. I. Supramolecular systems — a bridge between non-living and living matter. In: XIV Youth Conference on Organic Chemistry. Yekaterinburg; 2011:4. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kosmodemyansky L. V., Platonova M. V., Selkova V. Yu., Mishchenko V. V. Ultra-low concentrations in homeopathy and the structure of water: a review of scientific publications. In: Problem of ultra-small concentrations in homeopathy and the structure of water: Proceedings of the scientific seminar April 9, 2002. Moscow; 2002:88—93. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kosmodemyansky L. V., Mishchenko V. S., Umrikhin A. N. Super-small concentrations — a modern trend of scientific development of homeopathy. In: Problem of ultra-small concentrations in homeopathy and water structure: Proceedings of the scientific seminar on April 9, 2002. Moscow; 2002:10—16. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kosmodemyansky L. V. Problems of ultra-low concentrations in homeopathy and the structure of water. Moscow; 2013. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Bellavite P., Marzotto M., Olioso D. et al. High-dilution effects revisited. 1 Physicochemical aspects. Homeopathy. 2014;103:4—21. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Schulte J. Experimental physical methods and theories — then and now. Homeopathy. 2015;104(4):305—310. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.06.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Grosan C. B., Isik S., Porav A. S. et al. Ultra-high dilutions analysis: Exploring the effects of potentization by electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and deep learning. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2024;401: 124537. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2024.124537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Marchettini N., Del Giudice E., Voeikov V. L., Tiezzi E. Water: a medium where dissipative structures are produced by a coherent dynamic. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2010;265(4):511—516. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.05.021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Chaplin M. F. The memory of water: an overview. Homeopathy. 2007;96(3):143—150. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2007.05.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Voeikov V. L. The possible role of active oxygen in the memory of water. Homeopathy. 2007;96(3):196—201. DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2007.05.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Upadhyay R. P., Nayak C. Homeopathy emerging as nanomedicine. Int. J. High Dilution Res. 2011;10:299—310. DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v10i37.525</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Milgrom L. R. Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement. Part 1: a qualitative non-local metaphor for homeopathy based on quantum theory. Homeopathy. 2002;91(4):239—248. DOI: 10.1054/homp.2002.0055</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Milgrom L. R. Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement. Part 2: extending the metaphor for homeopathy using molecular quantum theory. Homeopathy. 2003;92(1):35—43. DOI: 10.1054/homp.2002.0070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Julsgaard B., Kozhekin A., Polzik E. S. Experimental long-lived entanglement of two macroscopic objects. Nature. 2001;413(6854):400—403. DOI: 10.1038/35096524</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Teixeira M. Z. «Genomic Homeopathy» proposal: use of auto-isotherapic of DNA as a modulator of gene expression in chronic diseases. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992). 2023;69(1):13—17. DOI: 10.1590/1806—9282.20221156</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Khuda-Bukhsh A. R. Towards understanding molecular mechanisms of action of homeopathic drugs: an overview. Mol. Cell Biochem. 2003;253(1—2):339—345. DOI: 10.1023/a:1026048907739</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Khuda-Bukhsh A. R. Current trends in high dilution studies with special emphasis on the gene regulation hypothesis. Nucleus. 2014;57:3—17. DOI: 10.1007/s13237-014-0105-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Sudakov K. V. Theory of functional systems. Moscow; 1996. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Egorov V. V., Kershenholtz B. M., Larionova I. S. Modern view on Vernadsky&amp;apos;s theory of biosphere. Modern Science: Actual Problems of Theory and Practice. 2017;(3—4):55—57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Shagin A. A. Information form of motion of matter. The world of Modern Science. 2014;(3):89—105.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Vithoulkas G. Health and disease in homeopathic philosophy. Br. Homeopathic J. 1995;84(3):131—139. DOI: 10.1016/S0007-0785(05)80087—0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Vijaykar P. Theory of suppression. Moscow; 2007. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Zilov V. G., Maev I. V., Karpeev A. A. et al. Modern view on the problems of homeopathy. Bulletin of Postgraduate Medical Education. 2021;(3):26—34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Samuel Hahneman&amp;apos;s Experience of a New Principle for Finding the Healing Properties of Medicinal Substances. A modern reading. St. Petersburg; 2018. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
