REMEDIUMREMEDIUM1561-59362658-3534Joint-Stock Company Chicot177510.32687/1561-5936-2025-29-2-151-155Original ArticleRetrospective analysis of the development of the organization of medical and social work with persons with disabilities in foreign countriesGolovitsinAlexander V.golovitsin99@gmail.comKuraevaViktoriya M.kuraevavm@zdrav.mos.ruResearch Institute of Healthcare Organization and Medical Management, Moscow, Russia15122025215115517102025Copyright © 2025,2025This article presents a retrospective analysis of the formation and evolution of the organization of medical and social work with persons with disabilities in foreign societies. The study covers key historical stages in the development of assistance models — from antiquity to the present — and traces the transformation of approaches from religious and philanthropic practices to state-regulated and inclusive systems. A comparative-historical and systemic approach was applied, based on the analysis of academic literature, international legal frameworks, and practical models. Special attention is paid to the biopsychosocial model as the contemporary foundation for interdisciplinary disability support. The analysis highlights institutional development trends, the strengthening of legal frameworks for persons with disabilities, and the emergence of integrated rehabilitation strategies. The results of the study may be applied to enhance the Russian system of medical and social support through the adaptation of international best practices.persons with disabilitiesmedical and social workinternational experiencebiopsychosocial modelhistorical analysisrehabilitationinclusionинвалидностьмедико-социальная работазарубежный опытбиопсихосоциальная модельисторический анализинклюзия[Nunn J. F. Ancient Egyptian medicine. London; 1996.][Garland R. The eye of the beholder: deformity and disability in the Graeco-Roman world. London; 1995.][Muir E. Disability in Antiquity. London; 2017.][Bradley K. R. Disability and Society in Roman Italy. New York; 2015.][Kuang L. Disability in China: history and development. Beijing; 2009.][Olivelle P. Manus Code of law: a critical edition and translation of the Mānava Dharmaśāstra. Oxford; 2005.][Basham A. L. The wonder that was India. London; 1954.][Metzler I. A social history of disability in the Middle Ages. New York; 2013.][Brodman J. Charity and religion in Medieval Europe. Washington; 2009.][Mollat M. The poor in the Middle Ages. New Haven; 1986.][Farmer S. Surviving poverty in Medieval Paris. Ithaca; 2002.][McVaugh M. Medicine before the plague. Cambridge; 1993.][Stiker H. J. A history of disability. Ann Arbor; 1999.][Volkova O. A., Grebenikova Yu. A. Sociological models of social security. Perm University Herald. Series «Philosophy. Psychology. Sociology». 2016;(2):129—136. DOI: 10.17072/2078—7898/2016-2-129-136][United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Geneva; 1948.][Gorsky A. A., Volkova O. A. Health charity: the main directions of activities of foreign non-profit organizations. Problemi socialnoi gigieni, zdravookhranenia i istorii meditsini. 2020;28(Special Issue):701—704. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-s1-701-704][Surovtsev O. V. Medical and social care in the 21st century: challenges and prospects. Saint Petersburg; 2015. (In Russ.)][Burlyaev A. P. Rehabilitation of the disabled: modern approaches and technologies. Moscow; 2018. (In Russ.)][United Nations. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol. Geneva; 2006.]