REMEDIUMREMEDIUM1561-59362658-3534Joint-Stock Company Chicot141710.32687/1561-5936-2022-26-2-104-112Review articleMesotherapy and its promotion as a method of modern cosmetology and aesthetic medicine in the countries of the worldMorozO. N.-SadykovaR. N.-MingazovaE. N.elmira_mingazova@mail.ruN. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthI. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityKazan State Medical University1512202226210411220062022Copyright © 2022,2022Currently, physicians, researchers, scientific societies and health authorities are interested in evaluating the benefits, efficacy and safety of various ingredients and their various combinations, medical technologies and experience, as well as standardizing mesotherapy protocols and ingredients for use in the field of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. In cosmetology and aesthetic medicine, indications for the use of mesotherapy are the need to dissolve fat, various skin conditions, alopecia, skin aging, lipolysis, pigmentation, cellulite, etc. The mesotherapy method uses products that are completely biocompatible and absorbable, a variety of techniques are used in mesotherapy, including less invasive needleless and microneedle. Despite the fact that mesotherapy is considered an effective technique, the issues of standardizing the methodology and dosing regimen, as well as determining the correct indications in clinical practice, remain unresolved. Further research is needed to evaluate the benefits, efficacy and safety of various ingredients and their various combinations (dose, frequency of administration, efficacy and safety), medical technology and experience, and the clinical role of mesotherapy in different applications. Research is required on the mechanisms of action of mesotherapy in combination with standard treatment methods, further development of products for complete facial rejuvenation. In the field of cell therapy and for parenteral drug delivery, the mechanisms of transdermal delivery of agents using various devices, their stability, efficacy, sterility, cytotoxicity, general toxicity, and skin sensitization require further study. In the study of microneedling, further research is needed to substantiate the therapeutic effect, the use of various methods, including pneumatic injections, nanochips, fractional microneedling. With volumizing procedures, it is necessary to understand the synergistic effect of different mesotherapy techniques, the properties of various fillers, their safety and effectiveness. More research is needed in the field of molecular diagnostic methods for early treatment of pathogenesis and prevention of infection during mesotherapy. Of particular importance is the problem of assessing the safety level of mesotherapy and determining standardized therapy parameters to minimize the risk of potential adverse reactions. At the same time, mesotherapy, as a method that gives a systemic sparing effect, can be synergized with other pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods of treatment.mesotherapyaesthetic medicinecosmetologyefficiencysafetyingredientsstandardization of protocolsмезотерапияэстетическая медицинакосметологияэффективностьбезопасностьингредиентыстандартизация протоколовSamizadeh S. Non-surgical rejuvenation of Asian faces. Cham; 2022. 417 p.Mammucari M., Maggiori E., Russo D. et al. Mesotherapy: from historical notes to scientific evidence and future prospects // ScientificWorldJournal. 2020:3542848. DOI: 10.1155/2020/3542848Mammucari M., Paolucci T., Russo D. et al. A call to action by the Italian Mesotherapy Society on scientific research // Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 2021. Vol. 15. P. 3041-3047. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S321215Mammucari M., Maggiori E., Antonaci L. et al. Rational for the intradermal therapy (mesotherapy) in sport medicine: from hypothesis to clinical practice // Res. Invest. Sports Med. 2019. Vol. 5, N 4. RISM.000619.2019. DOI: 10.31031/RISM.2019.05.000619Atiyeh B. S., Ibrahim A. E., Dibo S. A. Cosmetic mesotherapy: between scientific evidence, science fiction, and lucrative business // Aesth. Plast. Surg. 2008. Vol. 32, N 6. P. 842-849. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-008-9195-xPadova M. P., Masarà A. Biorevitalization and combination techniques // Nonsurgical Lip and Eye Rejuvenation Techniques / eds. G. Fabbrocini, M. P. Padova, A. Tosti. Cham; 2016. P. 51-59. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23270-6_8Kandhari R., Kaur I., Sharma D. Mesococktails and mesoproducts in aesthetic dermatology // Dermatol. Ther. 2020. Vol. 33, N 6. P. e14218. DOI: 10.1111/dth.14218Micheels P., Goodman L. Injection depth in intradermal therapy: update and correction of published data //j. Drugs Dermatol. 2018. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 89-96.Mammucari M., Russo D., Maggiori E. et al. Evidence based recommendations on mesotherapy: an update from the Italian Society of Mesotherapy // Clin. Ter. 2021. Vol. 171, N 1. P. e37-e45. DOI: 10.7417/CT.2021.2278Wang M., Dabiri G., Fischer A., Tandon R. Mycobacterium chelonae infection after mesotherapy //j. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2018. Vol. 79, N 3, Suppl. 1. P. AB198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.799Atiyeh B. S., Abou Ghanem O. An update on facial skin rejuvenation effectiveness of mesotherapy EBM V //j. Craniofac. Surg. 2021. Vol. 32, N 6. P. 2168-2171. DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007557Zhang S., Duan E. Fighting against skin aging: the way from bench to bedside // Cell Transplant. 2018. Vol. 27, N 5. P. 729-738. DOI: 10.1177/0963689717725755Sylwia M., Krzysztof M. R. Efficacy of intradermal mesotherapy in cellulite reduction - conventional and high-frequency ultrasound monitoring results //j. Cosmet. Laser. Ther. 2017. Vol. 19, N 6. P. 320-324. DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2017.1334927Ordiz I., Vega J. A., Martín-Sanz R. et al. Transdermal drug delivery in the pig skin // Pharmaceutics. 2021. Vol. 13, N 12. P. 2016. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122016Leoni G., Lyness A., Ginty P. et al. Preclinical development of an automated injection device for intradermal delivery of a cell-based therapy // Drug Deliv. Transl. 2017. Vol. 7, N 5. P. 695-708. DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0418-zKim J. T., Choi A., Jeong J. H. et al. Safety evaluation and consideration of 4 Pin Multi-needle for mesotherapy // Technol. Health Care. 2018. Vol. 26, N S1. P. 291-306. DOI: 10.3233/THC-174624Jones D., Palm M., Cox S. E. et al. Safety and effectiveness of hyaluronic acid filler, VYC-20L, via cannula for cheek augmentation: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study // Dermatol. Surg. 2021. Vol. 47, N 12. P. 1590-1594. DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003246Dsouza L., Ghate V. M., Lewis S. A. Derma rollers in therapy: the transition from cosmetics to transdermal drug delivery // Biomed. Microdevices. 2020. Vol. 22, N 4. P. 77. DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00530-3Alessa D., Bloom J. D. Microneedling options for skin rejuvenation, including non-temperature-controlled fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatments // Facial Plast. Surg. Clin. North Am. 2020. Vol. 28, N 1. P. 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.09.001Ramaut L., Hoeksema H., Pirayesh A. et al. Microneedling: where do we stand now? A systematic review of the literature //j. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg. 2018. Vol. 71, N 1. P. 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.06.006Cheng H. Y., Chen Y. X., Wang M. F. et al. Evaluation of changes in skin biophysical parameters and appearance after pneumatic injections of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the face //j. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 2018. Vol. 20, N 7-8. P. 454-461. DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1427868Hu L., Zhao K., Song W. M. Effect of mesotherapy with nanochip in the treatment of facial rejuvenation //j. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 2020. Vol. 22, N 2. P. 84-89. DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2020.1740272Lee Y. I., Kim E., Lee D. W. et al. Synergistic effect of 300 μm needle-depth fractional microneedling radiofrequency on the treatment of senescence-induced aging hyperpigmentation of the skin // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021. Vol. 22, N 14. P. 7480. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147480Belmontesi M., De Angelis F., Di Gregorio C. et al. Injectable non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid as a skin quality booster: an expert panel consensus //j. Drugs Dermatol. 2018. Vol. 17, N 1. P. 83-88.Prager W., Agsten K., Kravtsov M., Kerscher P. M. Mid-face volumization with hyaluronic acid: injection technique and safety aspects from a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study //j. Drugs Dermatol. 2017. Vol. 16, N 4. P. 351-357.Prager W., Agsten K., Kerscher M. Patient-reported outcomes following split-face injection of 2 volumizing fillers in the upper cheeks // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2017. Vol. 5, N 10. P. e1412. DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001412Vandeputte J. Real-world experience with volume augmentation using cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid gel: a retrospective single-center analysis of 110 consecutive patients with medium- to long-term follow-up //j. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 2018. Vol. 11, N 12. P. 30-39.Jung J. M., Lee W. S., Kim H. T. et al. A multi-center, randomized, double blinded, comparative study of two hyaluronic acid fillers for temporary restoration of mid-face volume in Asians //j. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2020. Vol. 19, N 7. P. 1619-1626. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13218Scarano A., Sbarbati A., Deriu F. et al. Clinical evaluation of efficacy and tolerance of a skin reconditioning compound for anti-aging //j. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents. 2021. Vol. 35, N 2, Suppl. 1. P. 217-226. DOI: 10.23812/21-2supp1-23Kerscher M., Prager W., Fischer T. C. et al. Facial skin revitalization with cohesive polydensified Matrix-HA20G: results from a randomized multicenter clinical study // Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2021. Vol. 9, N 12. P. e3973. DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003973Beer K., Kaufman-Janette J., Bank D. et al. Safe and effective chin augmentation with the hyaluronic acid injectable filler, VYC-20L // Dermatol. Surg. 2021. Vol. 47, N 1. P. 80-85. DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002795Hertz-Kleptow D., Hanschmann A., Hofmann M. et al. Facial skin revitalization with CPM®-HA20G: an effective and safe early intervention treatment // Clin. Cosmet. Invest. Dermatol. 2019. Vol. 12. P. 563-572. DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S209256Cassuto D., Bellia G., Schiraldi C. An overview of soft tissue fillers for cosmetic dermatology: from filling to regenerative medicine // Clin. Cosmet. Invest. Dermatol. 2021. Vol. 14. P. 1857-1866. DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S209256Plachouri K. M., Georgiou S. Mesotherapy: safety profile and management of complications //j. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2019. Vol. 18, N 6. P. 1601-1605. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13115Хаертдинова Л. А., Мингазова Э. Н., Глушко Н. И., Маланичева Т. Г. Анализ структуры микробиоценоза кожи у детей с атопическим дерматитом // Казанский медицинский журнал. 2005. Т. 86, № 6. С. 489-490.Veraldi S., Spigariolo C. B., Cusini M. et al. Skin infections by Mycobacterium chelonae following mesotherapy: a report of two cases and review of the literature //j. Cosmet. Dermatol. 2020. Vol. 19, N 8. P. 1915-1917. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13441Schcolnik-Cabrera A., Vega-Memije E., Hernández-Castro R. et al. The cost of beauty: six cosmetological clinical cases due to atypical mycobacterial infection secondary to intradermal injections plus reaction to foreign dermal implant // Rev. Chilena Infectol. 2019. Vol. 36, N 6. P. 778-783. DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182019000600778