REMEDIUMREMEDIUM1561-59362658-3534Joint-Stock Company Chicot139210.32687/1561-5936-2021-25-4-98-102Review articlePharmacies of Smolensk province (XVIII-early XX century)KonoplevaE. L.konopleva.alenushka@gmail.comKonoplevO. A.-Smolensk State Medical University1612202149810229032022Copyright © 2021,2021The aticle is devoted to the history of pharmacy business in Smolensk province - a typical province of the European part of Russia. The activity of private, factory, city and zemstvo pharmacies is analyzed. The formation of zemstvo and town pharmacies took place against the background of legislative restrictions protecting commercial interests of private pharmacy owners. The activities of local government pharmacies were socially oriented, as their main objective was to provide the poorest strata of the population with affordable and high-quality medicines, rather than to make a profit. From the very beginning of its existence, zemstvo council of the Smolensk province have set the task of providing the rural population not only with free medical consultations, but also with free medicines in full. For half a century, the Zemstvo pharmacy business has gone through a difficult evolutionary path from fourteen pharmacies in 1865 to forty pharmacies in 1916. Since Smolensk city authorities were deprived of an opportunity to establish cheap city pharmacies, citizens of the provincial centre could get free medicine in the pharmacies at the outpatient clinic of the local Charitable Society (1872), the provincial Zemstvo Hospital (1875), the Society of Smolensk Doctors (1892) and the Smolensk Community of Sisters of Charity ROKK (1897), in the city outpatient clinic (1903).zemstvo medicinemedicinal helppharmaciesSmolensk provinceистория медициныземская медицина и фармациялекарственная помощьаптекиСмоленская губерния1.Шеломенцева М. В. Смоленск в войнах: демографическая составляющая их последствий в контексте национальной безопасности // Науковедение. 2015. Т. 7, № 4. С. 59. URL: http://naukovedenie.ru/pdf/14evn415.pdf2.Егорышева И. В., Шерстнёва Е.В., Гончарова С. Г. Медицина городских общественных самоуправлений в России. М.; 2017. 176 c.3.Смоленское земство и здравоохранение. 1865-1918 годы: Сборник материалов / под ред. Д. И. Будаева. Смоленск; 2005. 279 c.4.Веселовский Б. Б. История земства за сорок лет. СПб.; 1909-1911. Т. 1-4.5.Жбанков Д. Н. Санитарное исследование фабрик и заводов Смоленской губернии. Смоленск; 1896.6.Шерстнёва Е.В., Егорышева И. В. Лекарственное обеспечение гражданского населения России в 17 - начале 20 века. М.; 2017. 168 с.7.Смоленский губернский статистический комитет. Памятная книжка Смоленской губернии. Смоленск; 1855-1913.