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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">REMEDIUM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>REMEDIUM</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1561-5936</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-3534</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint-Stock Company Chicot</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1172</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/1561-5936-2019-12-16-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The silence of the archive: creation of «Soviet penicillin»</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sherstneva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>lena_scherstneva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><issue>12</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The history of the creation of penicillin in the USSR has not yet been studied. During  the Soviet era, this theme became a source of literary activity, it served the purpose of propagating  the advantages of socialist  science, and therefore was significantly distorted. Granting  access  to the previously  classified  documents  of the State Archive  of the Russian  Federation  (ST RF) to the researchers made it possible to revise the version of history  proposed by the Soviet historiography.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>penicillin</kwd><kwd>Z.V. Ermoleva</kwd><kwd>People’s Commissariat of Public  Health</kwd><kwd>All-Russian Museum  of History and Ethnography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пенициллин</kwd><kwd>З.В. Ермольева</kwd><kwd>Наркомздрав СССР</kwd><kwd>ВИЭМ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Большая медицинская энциклопедия. 2-е изд., Т. 23. М.: Медицина; 1961:686.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Большая медицинская энциклопедия. 3-е изд. Т. 18. 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